1. Threaded vs. Push-to-Connect Interfaces:

（1）Threaded interfaces, while robust, were found to cause up to 15% higher pressure drops due to turbulence at connection points.

（2）Push-to-connect interfaces enabled faster flow rates but showed a 20% higher risk of leakage under extreme pressure conditions.

2. Material Compatibility:

Interfaces made of stainless steel outperformed polymer-based designs in high-temperature environments, reducing deformation risks by 30%.

3. Seal Integrity:

Cartridges with O-ring seals maintained consistent performance over 10,000 cycles, whereas flat gasket interfaces degraded after 5,000 cycles, impacting filtration accuracy.

4. Flow Distribution:

Asymmetric interface designs led to uneven flow distribution, accelerating filter media clogging by 25% compared to symmetrical layouts.